Weather conditions near the event

NOAA NCEI ISD provides standing global hourly/synoptic measured surface observations keyed by station and UTC timestamp, with coordinates, temperature, wind/gust, precipitation, present weather, and embedded quality codes. Station identity, timestamp, and field-specific measurement period or observation basis satisfy the pinning requirement.

NOAA GHCN-Daily station and all-stations files provide station-, date-, and location-pinned daily observations for precipitation, snowfall/depth, temperature, wind, and documented weather occurrences, with measurement, quality, source, and observation-time attributes where available. Some non-U.S. WMO-contributed data carry commercial-use or re-export restrictions.

NOAA NCEI GSOD supplies public daily station summaries keyed by STATION and DATE, including temperature, precipitation, snow depth, mean and maximum sustained wind, maximum gust, and daily weather-occurrence flags. Station, date, and one-day aggregation pin the answer; the product does not establish an intraday timestamp.

LCDv2 standing station-year files identify station and coordinates, pin observations by ISO date-time, and publish hourly/daily temperature, precipitation, snow, present weather, wind, gust, and peak-wind observations in documented SI units. Coverage is U.S.-focused and fields vary by station.

For a buyer-selected location and window, Timeline requests can select historical station observations. Daily/hourly records carry record time and interval, contributing station IDs, source class, and temperature, precipitation, snow, wind, and gust values. Records may be weighted from up to three nearby stations, so this is Strong nearby-observation evidence rather than a raw single-station row.

For a UTC-pinned U.S. grid and event time, MRMS Version 12.2 publishes two-minute precipitation-rate grids in mm/hour and RadarOnly one-hour QPE grids in mm. These provide useful precipitation evidence near the event while remaining algorithmic radar/multi-sensor estimates rather than station observations.